Glossary of CBD and Hemp
Cannabidiol, more commonly known as CBD, has garnered increasing interest in recent years due to its numerous therapeutic benefits and lack of psychoactive effects. Used in a variety of products ranging from oils and flowers to edibles and topicals, CBD has become a popular natural alternative for relieving a multitude of ailments such as anxiety, pain, and insomnia. However, understanding the various aspects of CBD, as well as the terminology associated with this substance and the hemp plant, can sometimes be complex.
This comprehensive glossary aims to demystify key terms and concepts related to CBD, hemp, and other cannabinoids. Whether you're a novice or experienced user, this resource will help you navigate the world of CBD, understand its various applications, and choose the products best suited to your needs. By exploring this glossary, you'll discover the nuances of extraction methods, the unique properties of various cannabinoids, and the importance of terpenes and delivery systems, among other things.
Dive into this fascinating world and let yourself be guided through the essential terms that make CBD a revolution in the field of health and well-being.
CBD (Cannabidiol)
CBD, or cannabidiol, is a chemical compound found in the cannabis plant. Unlike THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), CBD is not psychoactive, meaning it does not produce a "high." Used primarily for its therapeutic properties, CBD is known to help relieve anxiety, pain, inflammation, and some sleep disorders.
THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)
THC is the main psychoactive compound in the cannabis plant. It is the substance that produces the euphoric effects often associated with cannabis use. In France, the permitted THC level in cannabis products is 0.3%.
Hemp
Hemp is a variety of the cannabis plant cultivated specifically for industrial and non-psychoactive uses. Hemp is used to produce a wide range of products, including textiles, building materials, food, biofuels, and natural health products such as CBD.
Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids are chemical compounds found in the cannabis plant. They interact with the body's endocannabinoid system to produce various effects. The best-known cannabinoids are CBD and THC, but there are over 100 others, such as CBG (cannabigerol), CBN (cannabinol), and THCV (tetrahydrocannabivarin).
CBG (Cannabigerol)
CBG is often called the "stem cell" of cannabinoids because it is the precursor to several other cannabinoids, including CBD and THC. CBG has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties and is being studied for its potential therapeutic effects on neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
CBN (Cannabinol)
CBN cannabinoid that forms when THC ages and oxidizes. It is mildly psychoactive, but its effects are much gentler than those of THC. CBN is often used for its sedative properties, helping to treat insomnia and improve sleep quality.
THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)
THCV is a cannabinoid that has mildly psychoactive effects similar to THC, but it can also counteract some of THC's effects, such as increased appetite. It is being studied for its potential benefits in the treatment of diabetes and obesity.
CBD Oils
CBD oils are concentrated extracts of cannabidiol diluted in a carrier oil, such as coconut oil or hemp seed oil. They are used for easy administration and can be taken orally or applied topically.
CBD flowers
CBD flowers are the buds of the hemp plant, rich in cannabidiol. They can be smoked, vaporized, or used to make infusions. CBD flowers offer an experience similar to that of traditional cannabis without the psychoactive effects of THC.
CBD Resins and Hash
resin potent therapeutic effects. They can be consumed in various ways, including vaporizing or mixing them with food.
CBD herbal teas
CBD teas are infusions made from hemp leaves, flowers, and seeds. They are consumed for their relaxing and therapeutic effects. CBD tea is a popular option for those seeking a non-inhaled method of consumption.
CBD isolates
CBD isolates are the purest form of cannabidiol, containing only CBD without any other cannabinoids, terpenes, or flavonoids. They are used in various products, from oils to edibles, to deliver a dose of CBD without other cannabis components.
Terpenes
Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in many plants, including cannabis. They give cannabis its distinctive aromas and flavors and can also influence the effects of cannabinoids. The most common terpenes in cannabis include myrcene, limonene, and pinene.
Endocannabinoid System
The endocannabinoid system is a network of receptors in the human body that interacts with cannabinoids to regulate various physiological functions, such as mood, pain, appetite, and sleep. The two main endocannabinoid receptors are CB1 and CB2 receptors.
Entourage (Effect of)
The entourage effect is a phenomenon whereby cannabinoids, terpenes, and other compounds in cannabis work together to produce synergistic effects that are more potent than those produced by each compound individually. This effect is often sought after to maximize the therapeutic benefits of cannabis products.
HHC (Hexahydrocannabinol)
HHC is a synthetic cannabinoid derived from THC. It is less psychoactive than THC but offers similar relaxing and analgesic effects. HHC is often used in products for those seeking alternatives to THC with fewer psychoactive effects.
THCP (Tetrahydrocannabiphorol)
THCP is a recently discovered cannabinoid that is structurally similar to THC but is believed to be much more potent. It interacts more intensely with endocannabinoid receptors, which may lead to more pronounced therapeutic effects.
CBNO (Cannabinol Obeic)
CBNO is a minor cannabinoid formed by the breakdown of THC. It is non-psychoactive and is being studied for its potential anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant benefits.
CO2 extraction
CO2 extraction is a popular method for obtaining high-quality cannabinoids and terpenes from the cannabis plant. This method uses pressurized carbon dioxide to extract the desired compounds without the use of chemical solvents, resulting in a pure and safe final product.
Broad Spectrum
Broad-spectrum products contain various cannabinoids and terpenes, but no THC. This allows users to experience the entourage effect without the psychoactive effects of THC. It's a popular option for those who want to avoid THC while still enjoying the other compounds in cannabis.
Full Spectrum
Full Spectrum
Full-spectrum products contain all the cannabinoids, terpenes, and other natural compounds found in the cannabis plant, including trace amounts of THC (up to 0.3% in France). These products are preferred by those who wish to maximize the benefits of the entourage effect for a more complete therapeutic experience.
CBD Isolate
CBD isolate is the purest form of CBD, obtained by extracting and isolating CBD from the other cannabinoids and compounds present in hemp. CBD isolates typically contain 99% or more pure CBD and are used by those who wish to completely avoid THC and other cannabinoids.
CBD topicals
CBD topicals are CBD-infused products designed for local application to the skin. They include creams, balms, lotions, and gels, and are used to directly target pain, inflammation, and skin conditions such as acne and eczema.
CBD edibles
CBD edibles are foods and beverages infused with CBD. They include gummies, chocolates, cookies, and drinks like teas and sodas. Edibles offer a discreet and flavorful way to consume CBD, with effects that generally last longer than those of other methods of consumption.
CBD e-liquids
CBD e-liquids are liquids used in electronic cigarettes or vapes. They allow for the rapid and efficient delivery of CBD through inhalation. CBD e-liquids come in a variety of flavors and concentrations to suit user preferences.
CBD Capsules
CBD capsules are pills or softgels containing CBD. They offer a convenient and precise way to dose CBD, with effects that are generally longer-lasting than sublingual oils. Capsules are ideal for those seeking a tasteless and discreet method of consumption.
CBD Tincture
CBD tinctures are concentrated liquid extracts of CBD that are typically taken under the tongue for rapid absorption. Tinctures are often formulated with carrier oils and natural flavorings to enhance the taste and consumption experience.
CBD Cream for Animals
CBD creams for animals are products specifically formulated for pets, such as dogs and cats. They are used to relieve pain, anxiety, and other health conditions in animals. These creams are typically applied topically to the animal's skin.
CBD infusions
CBD infusions are hot drinks prepared by steeping CBD leaves, flowers, or oils in hot water. CBD infusions are consumed for their relaxing and therapeutic effects, and they offer a smoke-free alternative for consuming CBD.
Nano CBD
Nano CBD is a form of CBD whose particles have been reduced to a nanometer size to improve bioavailability and effectiveness. Nano CBD products are designed to be absorbed more quickly and efficiently by the body, allowing for faster action and more potent effects.
Ethanol extraction
Ethanol extraction is a method for extracting cannabinoids that uses ethanol as a solvent. This method is effective for extracting a wide range of compounds from cannabis, but it often requires further purification to remove solvent residues.
CBD Distillation
CBD distillation is a purification process used to isolate and concentrate CBD from cannabis extracts. This process produces high-purity CBD distillates, which can then be used in a variety of products, including oils, topicals, and edibles.
CBD Wax
CBD wax is a concentrated CBD extract with a waxy texture. It is often used for dabbing, an inhalation method of consumption that involves vaporizing small amounts of wax at a high temperature. CBD wax is valued for its potency and fast-acting effects.
Phytocannabinoids
Phytocannabinoids are plant-derived cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. In addition to CBD and THC, other phytocannabinoids include CBG, CBN, CBC (cannabichromene), and CBDV (cannabidivarin). Each of these compounds has unique properties and potential therapeutic effects.
Butane extraction (BHO)
Butane hydration (BHO) is a method that uses butane as a solvent to extract cannabinoids and terpenes from the cannabis plant. This method produces potent extracts but requires rigorous purification to remove butane residue and ensure the safety of the final product.
CRD (Cannabinoid Rich Distillate)
CRD is a cannabinoid-rich distillate containing a broad spectrum of cannabinoid compounds and terpenes while being free of waxes and lipids. CRD products are used to formulate high-quality cannabis products with a high cannabinoid concentration.
Broad Spectrum Hemp Oil
Broad-spectrum hemp oil is a hemp extract that contains a full range of cannabinoids and terpenes, with the exception of THC. This oil is used to provide the benefits of the entourage effect without the psychoactive effects of THC.
Solvent Extraction
Solvent extraction is a method of extracting cannabinoids using various solvents, such as alcohol, hexane, or propane. While this method is effective for obtaining concentrated extracts, it requires additional purification steps to ensure product safety and purity.
Terpsolates
Terpsolates are CBD isolates that have been re-infused with specific terpenes to enhance their flavor profile and effects. They combine the purity of CBD isolates with the benefits of terpenes to create customized and effective products.
MCT Oils
MCT (medium-chain triglyceride) oils are often used as carrier oils in CBD products. They are derived from coconut oil and are valued for their ability to enhance CBD bioavailability, allowing for faster and more efficient absorption into the body.
CBD Oils for Pets
CBD oils for animals are specially formulated to meet the needs of pets. They are generally dosed according to the animal's weight and are used to treat anxiety, pain, and other health problems in pets.
THC levels
The THC level refers to the concentration of tetrahydrocannabinol in a cannabis product. In France, the permitted THC level in hemp-derived products is 0.3%. This threshold is set to ensure that the products do not produce significant psychoactive effects.
CBD strains (CBD varieties)
CBD strains are specific varieties of the cannabis plant cultivated for their high levels of cannabidiol and low levels of THC. Each strain has a unique cannabinoid and terpene profile, which can influence its effects and therapeutic uses.
Organic Certification
Organic certification is a label awarded to products grown and manufactured according to strict organic standards. Certified organic CBD products are grown without the use of pesticides, herbicides, or chemical fertilizers, thus guaranteeing a more natural and environmentally friendly product.
Microdosing
Microdosing involves consuming very small doses of CBD or other cannabinoids at regular intervals throughout the day. This method helps maintain a consistent level of cannabinoids in the system, which can maximize therapeutic benefits without causing significant side effects.
Carrier Oils
Carrier oils are used to dilute CBD extracts, making them easier to consume. The most common carrier oils include MCT coconut oil, olive oil, and hemp seed oil. Each carrier oil offers its own nutritional benefits and can influence CBD absorption.
Biphasic Effect
The biphasic effect is a phenomenon where a compound, such as CBD, can produce different effects depending on the dose consumed. For example, at low doses, CBD can have a stimulating effect, while at higher doses, it can be sedative. Understanding this effect is crucial for correctly dosing CBD according to individual needs.
Ultrasonic Extraction
Ultrasonic extraction is a technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to release cannabinoids and terpenes from the cannabis plant. This method is fast and efficient, and it can produce high-quality extracts without the use of chemical solvents.
Bioavailability
Bioavailability refers to the proportion of CBD or other cannabinoids that is absorbed into the bloodstream when consumed. Different methods of consumption (oral, sublingual, topical, inhaled) have varying bioavailability rates, thus influencing the product's effectiveness.
Decarboxylation
Decarboxylation is a chemical process that activates the acidic cannabinoids present in the cannabis plant, such as CBDA (cannabidiolic acid) and THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid), into their active forms, CBD and THC. This process is generally carried out by heating, which maximizes the effects of the cannabinoids.
Cannabis Sativa
Cannabis sativa is a species of the cannabis plant known for its energizing and stimulating effects. Sativa varieties are often used for their ability to improve mood, increase energy, and boost creativity. They are also rich in CBD and other cannabinoids.
Cannabis Indica
Cannabis Indica is another species of the cannabis plant, renowned for its relaxing and sedative effects. Indica varieties are often chosen to aid relaxation, reduce pain, and improve sleep. They also contain varying levels of CBD and THC.
Cannabis Ruderalis
Cannabis Ruderalis is a lesser-known cannabis species, often used for its autoflowering properties. Ruderalis varieties have faster growth rates and can adapt to harsher climates. They generally contain low levels of THC and are often crossed with Sativa or Indica varieties to enhance their characteristics.
Nanoemulsion
Nanoemulsion is a technology used to improve the solubility and bioavailability of cannabinoids. By reducing CBD particles to a nanometric size, nanoemulsion allows for faster and more efficient absorption into the body, thus enhancing therapeutic effects.
Transdermal Delivery Systems
Transdermal delivery systems, such as skin patches, allow CBD and other cannabinoids to be absorbed directly through the skin and into the bloodstream. This method of consumption offers a sustained release of cannabinoids, providing long-lasting and consistent effects.
Cannabinoid Content
The cannabinoid content of a product indicates the concentration of the different cannabinoids present, expressed in milligrams (mg) per unit of product. Understanding this content is essential for correctly dosing CBD and other cannabinoids according to individual needs.
Dominant Terpenes
Dominant terpenes are the terpenes most abundant in a specific cannabis strain. Each terpene has unique properties and effects. For example, myrcene is known for its relaxing effects, while limonene has energizing and mood-enhancing properties.
Certificates of Analysis (COA)
Certificates of Analysis (COAs) are documents issued by independent laboratories that detail the composition and purity of CBD products. COAs include information on cannabinoid levels, terpenes, and potential contaminants such as pesticides, residual solvents, and heavy metals.
Hydrocarbon Extraction
Hydrocarbon extraction uses solvents such as butane, propane, or hexane to extract cannabinoids and terpenes from the cannabis plant. While this method can produce potent extracts, it requires rigorous purification to remove solvent residues and ensure the safety of the final product.
Drying and Hardening Techniques
Drying and curing techniques are crucial steps in the production of high-quality CBD flowers. Proper drying reduces moisture without degrading cannabinoids and terpenes, while curing refines the aromatic profile and enhances the flavor and potency of the flowers.
Skin penetration
Skin penetration refers to the ability of cannabinoids to cross the skin barrier and reach the deeper layers of the skin. Topical CBD formulations are designed to maximize this penetration in order to provide localized therapeutic effects.
Antioxidant Effect
CBD and other cannabinoids possess antioxidant properties, helping to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. This antioxidant effect is beneficial for the skin, the immune system, and overall health.
Drug Interaction
Drug interactions refer to how CBD and other cannabinoids can affect the action of medications taken concurrently. CBD can inhibit certain liver enzymes, such as cytochrome P450, which may alter the metabolism of some medications. It is important to consult a healthcare professional before starting CBD supplementation if you are taking any medications.
Supercritical Solvent Extraction
Supercritical solvent extraction uses high-pressure, low-temperature CO2 to extract cannabinoids and terpenes from the cannabis plant. This method is environmentally friendly and produces high-quality extracts with high purity and precise composition.
Regulation of the Endocannabinoid System
CBD and other cannabinoids help regulate the endocannabinoid system, a network of receptors found throughout the human body. This system plays a key role in regulating many physiological functions, including pain, mood, appetite, and sleep.
Ethanol Extraction
Ethanol extraction is an extraction method that uses ethanol to separate cannabinoids and terpenes from plant material. While this method is effective, it often requires an additional distillation step to remove traces of ethanol and obtain a pure product.
CBD Product Formulation
Formulating CBD products involves the precise blending of CBD extracts with specific ingredients to create finished products. This includes oils, edibles, topicals, and capsules, each with unique dosages and ingredients to address various therapeutic needs.
Neuroprotective effect
CBD and other cannabinoids possess neuroprotective properties, helping to protect nerve cells from damage and degeneration. This effect is particularly beneficial for neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis.
Hemp Seed Oil
Hemp seed oil is extracted from the seeds of the hemp plant and is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. Although this oil does not contain cannabinoids like CBD or THC, it is often used as a carrier oil in CBD products for its nutritional benefits.
Anti-inflammatory effect
CBD is known for its potent anti-inflammatory effects, helping to reduce inflammation and pain associated with various conditions, including arthritis, sports injuries, and chronic illnesses. This anti-inflammatory effect is one of the main reasons why CBD is used for therapeutic purposes.
Vaporization
Vaporizing is a method of consuming CBD that involves heating the CBD extract to a temperature where it turns into vapor, without combustion. This method allows for rapid absorption of cannabinoids into the bloodstream, providing immediate effects.
Sublingual Consumption
Sublingual consumption involves placing drops of CBD tincture under the tongue and allowing them to be absorbed for 30 to 60 seconds. This method allows the CBD to bypass the digestive system and be absorbed directly into the bloodstream, providing faster and more effective results.