Glossary of CBD and Hemp
Cannabidiol, better known as CBD, has attracted growing interest in recent years thanks to its many therapeutic benefits and its lack of psychoactive effects. Used in a variety of products ranging from oils and flowers to edibles and topicals, CBD has become a popular natural alternative for relieving a multitude of ailments such as anxiety, pain, and insomnia. However, understanding the different aspects of CBD, as well as the terms associated with this substance and the hemp plant, can sometimes be complex.
This comprehensive glossary aims to demystify key terms and concepts related to CBD, hemp and other cannabinoids. Whether you are a new or experienced consumer, this resource will help you navigate the world of CBD, understand its different applications, and choose the products best suited to your needs. As you explore this glossary, you'll learn about the nuances of extraction methods, the unique properties of various cannabinoids, and the importance of terpenes and delivery systems, among others.
Immerse yourself in this fascinating universe and let yourself be guided through the essential terms that make CBD a revolution in the field of health and well-being.
CBD (Cannabidiol)
CBD, or cannabidiol , is a chemical compound found in the cannabis plant. Unlike THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), CBD is not psychoactive, meaning it does not produce a “high”. Used primarily for its therapeutic properties, CBD is known to help relieve anxiety, pain, inflammation and certain sleep disorders.
THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)
THC is the main psychoactive compound in the cannabis plant. It is the substance that causes the euphoric effects often associated with cannabis use. In France, the THC level authorized in cannabis products is 0.3%.
Hemp
Hemp is a variety of the cannabis plant grown specifically for industrial, non-psychoactive uses. Hemp is used to produce a wide range of products, including textiles, construction materials, food, biofuels and natural health products such as CBD.
Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids are chemical compounds found in the cannabis plant. They interact with the human body's endocannabinoid system to produce various effects. The most well-known cannabinoids are CBD and THC, but there are over 100 others, such as CBG (cannabigerol), CBN (cannabinol), and THCV (tetrahydrocannabivarin).
CBG (Cannabigerol)
CBG is often called the “stem cell” of cannabinoids because it is the precursor to several other cannabinoids, including CBD and THC. CBG has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties and is being studied for its potential therapeutic effects on neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
CBN (Cannabinol)
CBN cannabinoid that forms when THC ages and oxidizes. It is slightly psychoactive, but its effects are much milder than those of THC. CBN is often used for its sedative properties, helping to treat insomnia and improve sleep quality.
THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)
THCV is a cannabinoid that has mild psychoactive effects similar to THC, but can also counteract some of the effects of THC, such as increasing appetite. It is being studied for its potential benefits in the treatment of diabetes and obesity.
CBD oils
CBD oils are concentrated extracts of cannabidiol diluted in a carrier oil, such as coconut oil or hemp seed oil. They are used for easy administration and can be consumed orally or applied topically.
CBD flowers
CBD flowers are the buds of the hemp plant, rich in cannabidiol. They can be smoked, vaporized or used to make infusions. CBD flowers offer a similar experience to traditional cannabis without the psychoactive effects of THC.
CBD Resins and Hash
resin hash are concentrated extracts obtained from the trichomes of the cannabis plant. They contain a high concentration of CBD and are often used for their powerful therapeutic effects. They can be consumed in a variety of ways, including spraying them or mixing them with food.
CBD herbal teas
CBD herbal teas are infusions made from hemp leaves, flowers and seeds. They are consumed for their relaxing and therapeutic effects. CBD herbal tea is a popular option for those looking for a non-inhaled method of consumption.
CBD isolates
CBD isolates are the purest form of cannabidiol, containing only CBD without other cannabinoids, terpenes or flavonoids. They are used in various products, from oils to edibles, to deliver a dose of CBD without other cannabis components.
Terpenes
Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in many plants, including cannabis. They give cannabis its distinctive aromas and flavors and can also influence the effects of cannabinoids. The most common terpenes in cannabis include myrcene, limonene, and pinene.
Endocannabinoid System
The endocannabinoid system is a network of receptors in the human body that interacts with cannabinoids to regulate various physiological functions, such as mood, pain, appetite, and sleep. The two main endocannabinoid receptors are the CB1 and CB2 receptors.
Surrounding (Effect of)
The entourage effect is a phenomenon in which cannabinoids, terpenes, and other compounds in cannabis work together to produce synergistic effects that are more powerful than those produced by each compound individually. This effect is often sought to maximize the therapeutic benefits of cannabis products.
HHC (Hexahydrocannabinol)
HHC is a synthetic cannabinoid derived from THC. It is less psychoactive than THC, but offers similar relaxing and analgesic effects. HHC is often used in products for those looking for alternatives to THC with fewer psychoactive effects.
THCP (Tetrahydrocannabiphorol)
THCP is a recently discovered cannabinoid that is structurally similar to THC, but is believed to be much more potent. It interacts with endocannabinoid receptors more intensely, which can lead to stronger therapeutic effects.
CBNO (Obeic Cannabinol)
CBNO is a minor cannabinoid that is formed through the breakdown of THC. It is non-psychoactive and is being studied for its potential anti-inflammatory and anti-convulsant benefits.
CO2 extraction
CO2 extraction is a popular method for obtaining high-quality cannabinoids and terpenes from the cannabis plant. This method uses carbon dioxide under pressure to extract the desired compounds without the use of chemical solvents, resulting in a pure and safe final product.
Broad Spectrum
Broad-spectrum products contain various cannabinoids and terpenes, but no THC. This allows users to benefit from the entourage effect without the psychoactive effects of THC. This is a popular option for those who want to avoid THC while still enjoying other cannabis compounds.
Full Spectrum
Full Spectrum
Full-spectrum products contain all the cannabinoids, terpenes and other natural compounds found in the cannabis plant, including trace amounts of THC (up to 0.3% in France). These products are preferred by those who want to maximize the benefits of the entourage effect for a more complete therapeutic experience.
CBD Isolate
A CBD isolate is the purest form of CBD, obtained by extracting and isolating CBD from other cannabinoids and compounds found in hemp. CBD isolates typically contain 99% or more pure CBD and are used by those who want to avoid THC and other cannabinoids completely.
CBD topicals
CBD topicals are CBD-infused products designed for topical application to the skin. They include creams, balms, lotions and gels, and are used to directly target pain, inflammation and skin problems like acne and eczema.
CBD Edibles
CBD edibles are foods and drinks infused with CBD. They include gummies, chocolates, cookies and drinks like teas and sodas. Edibles offer a discreet and tasty method of consuming CBD, with effects that generally last longer than those of other consumption methods.
CBD e-liquids
CBD e-liquids are liquids used in electronic cigarettes or vapes. They allow rapid and effective administration of CBD by inhalation. CBD e-liquids come in a variety of flavors and concentrations to suit user preferences.
CBD capsules
CBD capsules are pills or capsules containing CBD. They offer a convenient and precise way to dose CBD, with generally longer-lasting effects than sublingual oils. The capsules are ideal for those looking for a tasteless and discreet method of consumption.
CBD Tincture
CBD tinctures are concentrated liquid extracts of CBD that are typically taken under the tongue for rapid absorption. Tinctures are often formulated with carrier oils and natural flavors to enhance the taste and drinking experience.
CBD Cream for Animals
CBD creams for animals are products specially formulated for pets, such as dogs and cats. They are used to relieve pain, anxiety and other health conditions in animals. These creams are generally applied topically to the animal's skin.
CBD infusions
CBD teas are hot drinks made by infusing CBD leaves, flowers or oils in hot water. CBD infusions are consumed for their relaxing and therapeutic effects, and they offer a smoke-free alternative to consuming CBD.
Nano CBD
Nano CBD is a form of CBD whose particles have been reduced to nanosize to improve bioavailability and effectiveness. Nano CBD products are designed to be absorbed more quickly and efficiently by the body, allowing for faster action and more powerful effects.
Ethanol extraction
Ethanol extraction is a cannabinoid extraction method that uses ethanol as a solvent. This method is effective for extracting a wide range of compounds from cannabis, but it often requires additional purification to remove solvent residue.
Distillation of CBD
CBD distillation is a purification process used to isolate and concentrate CBD from cannabis extracts. This process produces high purity CBD distillates, which can then be used in a variety of products, including oils, topicals and edibles.
CBD wax
CBD wax is a concentrated extract of CBD with a waxy texture. It is often used for dabbing, an inhalation method of consumption that involves vaporizing small amounts of wax at high temperatures. CBD wax is appreciated for its potency and rapid effects.
Phytocannabinoids
Phytocannabinoids are plant-derived cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. In addition to CBD and THC, other phytocannabinoids include CBG, CBN, CBC (cannabichromene), and CBDV (cannabidivarin). Each of these compounds has unique properties and potential therapeutic effects.
Butane extraction (BHO)
Butane extraction (BHO) is a method that uses butane as a solvent to extract cannabinoids and terpenes from the cannabis plant. This method produces potent extracts, but requires rigorous purification to remove butane residue and ensure the safety of the final product.
CRD (Cannabinoid Rich Distillate)
CRD is a cannabinoid-rich distillate, containing a broad spectrum of cannabinoid compounds and terpenes while being free of waxes and lipids. CRD products are used to formulate high-quality cannabis products with a high concentration of cannabinoids.
Broad Spectrum Hemp Oil
Broad-spectrum hemp oil is a hemp extract that contains a full range of cannabinoids and terpenes, with the exception of THC. This oil is used to provide the benefits of the entourage effect without the psychoactive effects of THC.
Solvent Extraction
Solvent extraction is a method of extracting cannabinoids using various solvents, such as alcohol, hexane or propane. Although this method is effective for obtaining concentrated extracts, it requires additional purification steps to ensure the safety and purity of the products.
Terpsolates
Terpsolates are CBD isolates that have been reinfused with specific terpenes to enhance their flavor profile and effects. They combine the purity of CBD isolates with the benefits of terpenes to create personalized and effective products.
MCT oils
MCT (medium chain triglycerides) oils are often used as carrier oils in CBD products. They are derived from coconut oil and are valued for their ability to improve the bioavailability of CBD, allowing for faster and more efficient absorption into the body.
CBD Oils for Animals
CBD oils for animals are specially formulated to meet the needs of pets. They are generally dosed based on the pet's weight and are used to treat anxiety, pain, and other health problems in pets.
THC level
THC level refers to the concentration of tetrahydrocannabinol in a cannabis product. In France, the THC level authorized in hemp-derived products is 0.3%. This threshold is set to ensure that products do not produce significant psychoactive effects.
CBD Strains (CBD Strains)
CBD strains are specific varieties of the cannabis plant grown for their high levels of cannabidiol and low levels of THC. Each strain has a unique cannabinoid and terpene profile, which may influence its effects and therapeutic uses.
Organic certification
Organic certification is a label awarded to products grown and produced according to strict organic standards. Certified organic CBD products are grown without the use of pesticides, herbicides or chemical fertilizers, ensuring a more natural and environmentally friendly product.
Microdosing
Microdosing involves consuming very small doses of CBD or other cannabinoids at regular intervals throughout the day. This method helps maintain a constant level of cannabinoids in the system, which can maximize therapeutic benefits without causing significant side effects.
Carrier Oils
Carrier oils are used to dilute CBD extracts to make them easier to consume. The most common oils include MCT coconut oil, olive oil, and hemp seed oil. Each carrier oil offers its own nutritional benefits and may influence CBD absorption.
Bi-phasic effect
The bi-phasic effect is a phenomenon where a compound, such as CBD, can produce different effects depending on the dose consumed. For example, at low doses, CBD can have a stimulating effect, while at higher doses it can be sedative. Understanding this effect is crucial to correctly dose CBD based on individual needs.
Ultrasonic Extraction
Ultrasonic extraction is a technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to release cannabinoids and terpenes from the cannabis plant. This method is quick and efficient, and it can produce high-quality extracts without using chemical solvents.
Bioavailability
Bioavailability refers to the proportion of CBD or other cannabinoids that is absorbed into the bloodstream when consumed. Different methods of consumption (oral, sublingual, topical, inhaled) have varying bioavailability rates, thus influencing product effectiveness.
Decarboxylation
Decarboxylation is a chemical process that activates acidic cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant, such as CBDA (cannabidiolic acid) and THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid), into their active forms, CBD and THC. This process is usually carried out by heating, which helps maximize the effects of the cannabinoids.
Cannabis Sativa
Cannabis Sativa is a species of the cannabis plant known for its energizing and stimulating effects. Sativa strains are often used for their ability to improve mood, increase energy and stimulate creativity. They are also rich in CBD and other cannabinoids.
Cannabis Indica
Cannabis Indica is another species of the cannabis plant, known for its relaxing and sedative effects. Indica strains are often chosen to help with relaxation, pain reduction and improved sleep. They also contain varying levels of CBD and THC.
Cannabis Ruderalis
Cannabis Ruderalis is a lesser-known cannabis species, often used for its auto-flowering properties. Ruderalis varieties are faster growing and can adapt to harsher climates. They generally contain low levels of THC and are often crossed with Sativa or Indica strains to enhance their characteristics.
Nanoemulsion
Nanoemulsion is a technology used to improve the solubility and bioavailability of cannabinoids. By reducing the CBD particles to a nanometer size, the nanoemulsion allows for faster and more efficient absorption in the body, thereby increasing the therapeutic effects.
Transdermal Delivery Systems
Transdermal delivery systems, like skin patches, allow CBD and other cannabinoids to be absorbed directly through the skin and into the bloodstream. This method of consumption offers a sustained release of cannabinoids, providing long-lasting and consistent effects.
Cannabinoid content
The cannabinoid content of a product indicates the concentration of the different cannabinoids present, expressed in milligrams (mg) per unit of product. Understanding this content is essential to correctly dose CBD and other cannabinoids according to individual needs.
Dominant Terpenes
Dominant terpenes are the terpenes most present in a specific cannabis strain. Each terpene has unique properties and effects. For example, myrcene is known for its relaxing effects, while limonene has energizing and mood-enhancing properties.
Certificates of Analysis (COA)
Certificates of Analysis (COA) are documents provided by independent laboratories that detail the composition and purity of CBD products. COAs include information on cannabinoid levels, terpenes, possible contaminants like pesticides, residual solvents and heavy metals.
Hydrocarbon Extraction
Hydrocarbon extraction uses solvents like butane, propane, or hexane to extract cannabinoids and terpenes from the cannabis plant. Although this method can produce potent extracts, it requires rigorous purification to remove solvent residues and ensure the safety of the final product.
Drying and Curing Techniques
Drying and curing techniques are crucial steps in producing high-quality CBD flowers. Proper drying helps reduce humidity without degrading cannabinoids and terpenes, while curing refines the flavor profile and enhances the flavor and potency of the flowers.
Skin Penetration
Skin penetration refers to the ability of cannabinoids to cross the skin barrier and reach the deeper layers of the skin. Topical CBD formulations are designed to maximize this penetration to provide localized therapeutic effects.
Antioxidant Effect
CBD and other cannabinoids have antioxidant properties, helping to protect cells from free radical damage. This antioxidant effect is beneficial for the skin, the immune system and general health.
Drug Interaction
Drug interaction refers to how CBD and other cannabinoids can affect the action of medications taken simultaneously. CBD may inhibit certain liver enzymes, such as cytochrome P450, which may alter the metabolism of certain medications. It is important to consult a healthcare professional before starting CBD supplementation if you are taking medication.
Supercritical Solvent Extraction
Supercritical solvent extraction uses CO2 at high pressure and low temperature to extract cannabinoids and terpenes from the cannabis plant. This method is environmentally friendly and produces high quality extracts with high purity and precise composition.
Regulation of the Endocannabinoid System
CBD and other cannabinoids help regulate the endocannabinoid system, a network of receptors found throughout the human body. This system plays a key role in regulating many physiological functions, including pain, mood, appetite and sleep.
Ethanol Extraction
Ethanol extraction is an extraction method that uses ethanol to separate cannabinoids and terpenes from plant material. Although this method is effective, it often requires an additional distillation step to remove traces of ethanol and obtain a pure product.
CBD Product Formulation
CBD product formulation involves the precise blending of CBD extracts with specific ingredients to create finished products. This includes oils, edibles, topicals, and capsules, each with unique dosages and ingredients to meet various therapeutic needs.
Neuroprotective Effect
CBD and other cannabinoids possess neuroprotective properties, helping to protect nerve cells from damage and degeneration. This effect is particularly beneficial for neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis.
Hemp Seed Oil
Hemp seed oil is extracted from the seeds of the hemp plant and is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Although this oil does not contain cannabinoids like CBD or THC, it is often used as a carrier oil in CBD products for its nutritional benefits.
Anti-inflammatory effect
CBD is known for its powerful anti-inflammatory effects, helping to reduce inflammation and pain associated with various conditions, including arthritis, sports injuries and chronic illnesses. This anti-inflammatory effect is one of the main reasons why CBD is used therapeutically.
Vaporization
Vaporization is a method of consuming CBD that involves heating the CBD extract to a temperature where it turns into vapor, without combustion. This method allows for rapid absorption of cannabinoids into the bloodstream, providing immediate effects.
Sublingual Consumption
Sublingual consumption involves placing drops of CBD tincture under the tongue and letting them absorb for 30 to 60 seconds. This method allows CBD to bypass the digestive system and be absorbed directly into the bloodstream, providing faster and more effective effects.